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Standard Digital Reference Images for Steel Castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
Automaticky přeložený název:
Standardní Digital Referenční Obrázky pro ocelové odlitky až 2 palce (50,8 mm) o tloušťce
NORMA vydána dne 1.12.2013
Označení normy: ASTM E2868-13
Poznámka: NEPLATNÁ
Datum vydání normy: 1.12.2013
Kód zboží: NS-46175
Počet stran: 5
Přibližná hmotnost: 15 g (0.03 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM
Keywords:
discontinuities, discontinuity classification criterion, digital reference images, gamma ray, X-ray, ICS Number Code 77.040.20 (Non-destructive testing of metals), 77.140.80 (Iron and steel castings)
Significance and Use | ||||||||||||||||
4.1 Graded reference images are intended to provide a guide enabling recognition of specific casting discontinuity types and relative severity levels that may be encountered during typical fabrication processes. Reference images containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. These reference images are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 4.2 Reference images represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses, or both outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. 4.3 Procedures for evaluation of production images using applicable reference images of this standard are prescribed in Section 8; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be specifically called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document. Section 4.4 Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities. |
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1. Scope | ||||||||||||||||
1.1 These digital reference images illustrate various categories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses up to 2 in. (50.8 mm). The digital reference images are an adjunct to this standard and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.3). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these digital reference images are described in 1.2. 1.2 These digital reference images
consist of three separate volumes (see Note 2) as follows: (I)
medium voltage (nominal 250-kV) X rays, (II) 1-MV X rays and
Iridium-192 radiation, and (III) 2-MV to 4-MV X rays and Cobalt-60
radiation. Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier
agreement (see 1.2.1 Category A – Gas
porosity; severity levels 1 through 5.
1.2.2 Category B – Sand and slag inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3 Category C – Shrinkage; 4 types: 1.2.3.1 Ca–linear shrinkage– Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.2 Cb–feathery shrinkage– Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.3 Cc–sponge shrinkage– Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.4 Cd–combinations of linear, feathery, and sponge shrinkage – Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.4 Category D–Crack; 1 illustration. 1.2.5 Category E–Hot Tear; 1 illustration. 1.2.6 Category F–Insert; 1 illustration. 1.2.7 Category G–Mottling; 1 illustration. (See Note 3.) 1.3 All areas of this standard may
be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization
and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant
engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the
purchase order or the contract.
1.4 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in steel castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of steel castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness, refer to Reference Radiographs E446. 1.5 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes. (See Note 4.) 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound
units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. |
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2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||||||
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