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ASTM E280-15
Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings
Automaticky přeložený název:
Standardní referenční Rentgenové snímky pro silné stěnou (412 až 12 in. ( 114 - 305 mm ) ) ocelové odlitky
NORMA vydána dne 1.9.2015
Informace o normě:
Označení normy: ASTM E280-15
Poznámka: NEPLATNÁ
Datum vydání normy: 1.9.2015
Kód zboží: NS-615847
Počet stran: 4
Přibližná hmotnost: 12 g (0.03 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM
Kategorie - podobné normy:
Anotace textu normy ASTM E280-15 :
Keywords:
classification criterion, discontinuity, gamma ray, reference radiographs, steel castings, X-ray ,, ICS Number Code 77.040.20 (Non-destructive testing of metals), 77.140.80 (Iron and steel castings)
Doplňující informace
| Significance and Use | ||||||||||||||||
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4.1 Graded reference radiographs are intended to provide a guide enabling recognition of specific casting discontinuity types and relative severity levels that may be encountered during typical fabrication processes. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels may not be needed. These reference radiographs are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular workmanship classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 6 and 7). 4.2 Reference radiographs represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses or both outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Overlapping severity levels of similar discontinuity categories and energy level range of E186 reference radiographs may alternatively be used, as determined appropriate for the casting service application, if so agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 5.1). 4.3 Procedures for evaluation of production radiographs using applicable reference radiographs of this standard are prescribed in Section 8; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be specifically called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document. Section 9 addresses purchaser supplier requisites where weld repairs may be required. |
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| 1. Scope | ||||||||||||||||
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1.1 These reference radiographsNote 1: The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard. Reference radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E186. Reference radiograph E186 provides some overlap of severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3). 1.2 These reference radiographs consist of two separate volumes as follows 1.2.1 Volume I: 2-MV X-rays and Cobalt-60—This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent isotope radiation and from 2-MV up to 4-MV X-rays. Set of 28 plates in 81/2 by 11 in. (216 by 279 mm) ring binders. 1.2.2 Volume II: 4-MV to 30-MV X-rays—Set of 28 plates in 8 1/2 by 11 in. (216 by 279 mm) ring binders. 1.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with production radiographs produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded discontinuities. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. Following is a list of discontinuity categories, types and severity levels for the adjunct reference radiographs of this standard: 1.2.3.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.2 Category B—Sand and slag inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.3 Category C—Shrinkage; three types: (1) (2) (3) 1.2.3.4 Category D—Crack; one illustration D5 in pre-1972 documents. 1.2.3.5 Category E—Hot tear; one illustration D3 in pre-1972 documents. 1.2.3.6 Category F—Insert; one illustration EB2 in pre-1972 documents. 1.3 From time to time, there may be minor changes to the process for manufacturing of the reference radiograph adjunct materials. These changes could include changes in the films or processing chemicals used, changes in the dies or printing for the cardboard mats, etc.; however, in all cases, these changes are reviewed by the Illustration Monitoring Subcommittee and all reference radiographs are reviewed against a fixed prototype image to ensure that there are no changes to the acceptance level represented by the reference radiographs. Therefore, the adjunct reference radiographs remain valid for use with this standard regardless of the date of production or the revision level of the text standard. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI values are shown for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. |
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| 2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||||||
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