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ASTM E2587-16(2021)e1
Standard Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control (Includes all amendments and changes 7/28/2021).
Přeložit název
NORMA vydána dne 15.7.2021
Informace o normě:
Označení normy: ASTM E2587-16(2021)e1
Datum vydání normy: 15.7.2021
Kód zboží: NS-1030581
Počet stran: 29
Přibližná hmotnost: 87 g (0.19 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM
Kategorie - podobné normy:
Anotace textu normy ASTM E2587-16(2021)e1 :
This guide covers fundamental concepts, applications, and mathematical relationships associated with reliability as used in industrial areas and as applied to simple components, processes, and systems or complex final products. This guide summarizes selected concepts, terminology, formulas, and methods associated with reliability and its application to products and processes.
Keywords:
common cause, control chart, control limits, rational subgroup, special cause, state of statistical control, statistical process control,, ICS Number Code 03.120.30 (Application of statistical methods)
Doplňující informace
| Significance and Use | ||||||||||||
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4.1?This practice describes the use of control charts as a tool for use in statistical process control (SPC). Control charts were developed by Shewhart 4.2?Principles of SPCA process may be defined as a set of interrelated activities that convert inputs into outputs. SPC uses various statistical methodologies to improve the quality of a process by reducing the variability of one or more of its outputs, for example, a quality characteristic of a product or service. 4.2.1?A certain amount of variability will exist in all process outputs regardless of how well the process is designed or maintained. A process operating with only this inherent variability is said to be in a state of statistical control, with its output variability subject only to chance, or common, causes. 4.2.2?Process upsets, said to be due to assignable, or special causes, are manifested by changes in the output level, such as a spike, shift, trend, or by changes in the variability of an output. The control chart is the basic analytical tool in SPC and is used to detect the occurrence of special causes operating on the process. 4.2.3?When the control chart signals the presence of a special cause, other SPC tools, such as flow charts, brainstorming, cause-and-effect diagrams, or Pareto analysis, described in various references 4.3?The use of control charts to adjust one or more process inputs is not recommended, although a control chart may signal the need to do so. Process adjustment schemes are outside the scope of this practice and are discussed by Box and Luce?o 4.4?The role of a control chart changes as the SPC program evolves. An SPC program can be organized into three stages (10). 4.4.1?Stage A, Process EvaluationHistorical data from the process are plotted on control charts to assess the current state of the process, and control limits from this data are calculated for further use. See Ref. 4.4.2?Stage B, Process ImprovementProcess data are collected in real time and control charts, using limits calculated in Stage A, are used to detect special causes for identification and resolution. A team approach is vital for finding the sources of special cause variation, and process understanding will be increased. This stage is completed when further use of the control chart indicates that a state of statistical control exists. 4.4.3?Stage C, Process MonitoringThe control chart is used to monitor the process to confirm continually the state of statistical control and to react to new special causes entering the system or the reoccurrence of previous special causes. In the latter case, an out-of-control action plan (OCAP) can be developed to deal with this situation Note 1:?Some practitioners combine Stages A and B into a Phase I and denote Stage C as Phase II 1.1?This practice provides guidance for the use of control charts in statistical process control programs, which improve process quality through reducing variation by identifying and eliminating the effect of special causes of variation. 1.2?Control charts are used to continually monitor product or process characteristics to determine whether or not a process is in a state of statistical control. When this state is attained, the process characteristic will, at least approximately, vary within certain limits at a given probability. 1.3?This practice applies to variables data (characteristics measured on a continuous numerical scale) and to attributes data (characteristics measured as percentages, fractions, or counts of occurrences in a defined interval of time or space). 1.4?The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods. The examples are not binding on products or test methods treated. 1.5?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. |
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| 2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||
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