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Norma ASTM E2168-10(2023) 1.5.2023 náhled

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ASTM E2168-10(2023)

Standard Classification for Allowance, Contingency, and Reserve Sums in Building Construction Estimating

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NORMA vydána dne 1.5.2023

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Informace o normě:

Označení normy: ASTM E2168-10(2023)
Datum vydání normy: 1.5.2023
Kód zboží: NS-1142968
Počet stran: 9
Přibližná hmotnost: 27 g (0.06 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM

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Anotace textu normy ASTM E2168-10(2023) :

Keywords:

allowance, budgeting, building economics, classification, construction estimating, contingency, cost control, cost estimating, cost planning, cost risk, reserve, UNIFORMAT II,, ICS Number Code 91.010.20 (Contractual aspects)

Doplňující informace

Significance and Use

4.1?When preparing construction, project, and program cost estimates, it is often necessary to make monetary provision for change or risk, or both, or other exigencies where information is incomplete.

4.2?Such allowance, contingency or reserve sums are employed by many persons engaged in the planning, delivery, and financing of construction work.

4.3?These users include owners, developers, facilities programmers, cost planners, estimators, schedules, architects and engineers, specification writers, operating and maintenance staff, manufacturers, educators, financial managers, and comptrollers.

4.4?Usage:?

4.4.1?These sums are especially appropriate when performing the following activities:

Cost budgeting;

Conceptual, design, and construction cost estimating;

Preparing complete forecast cost for economic evaluation,
investment analysis, and approval; and

Controlling cost during planning, design, and construction.

4.4.2?In any of these activities a needed requirement, or component, of the planned construction can be known while the defined solution, design or specification, for providing this may not. The usual, and appropriate, response in these situations, is the inclusion of a monetary sum, within an estimate, to provide for this (these) requirement(s).

4.4.3?Such sums may be general or specific in scope, may be planned to be spent or may only be included as possible mitigation for unplanned events and requirements.

4.4.4?To distinguish between these sums, and in recognition of their differing purpose, they are described, and classified here, using the terms allowance, contingency, or reserve.

Note 1:?Section 5 includes a generic statement of purpose for each of the three terms and provides a sub-classification that distinguishes between sums included for specific purposes and for non-specific, that is, general purposes. In cost budgeting, conceptual and design estimating especially, an estimator may intuitively recognize the need for a general purpose sum. This recognition comes in the absence of any known specific requirement other than the need to ensure the estimate total is a reasoned forecast of a reasonable bid result.

4.5?This classification defines allowance, contingency, and reserve sums as items common to construction, project, and program estimates through planning, design, construction, and completion. The terms are sufficiently generic to be applied in all forms of construction work.

1. Scope

1.1?This classification establishes a classification for allowance, contingency, and reserve sums used in construction, project, and program estimating.

1.2?This classification applies to all construction work.

1.3?This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction (as defined and classified in Classification E1557). Rather, the classification items are cost components common to construction, project, and program estimates.

1.4?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

E1557-09(2020)e1	Standard Classification for Building Elements and Related Sitework´UNIFORMAT II (Includes all amendments and changes 5/6/2020).
E1804-16(2023)	Standard Practice for Performing and Reporting Cost Analysis During the Design Phase of a Project
E631-15	Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
E1946-18(2023)	Standard Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings and Building Systems and Other Constructed Projects
E2013-20	Standard Practice for Developing Functions, Constructing FAST Diagrams, and Performing Function Analysis During Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) Study
E833-14(2021)	Standard Terminology of Building Economics

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