ASTM E1949-21

4.1?Strain gages are the most widely used devices for measuring strains and for evaluating stresses in structures. In many applications there are often cyclic loads that can cause strain gage failure. Performance characteristics of strain gages are affected by both the materials from which they are made and their geometric design.

4.2?The determination of most strain gage performance characteristics requires mechanical testing that is destructive. Since strain gages tested for fatigue life cannot be used again, it is necessary to treat data statistically. In general, longer and wider strain gages with lower resistances will have greater fatigue life. Optional additions to strain gages (integral lead wires are an example) will often reduce fatigue life.

4.3?To be used, strain gages must be bonded to a structure. Good results, particularly in a fatigue environment, depend heavily on the materials used to clean the bonding surface, to bond the strain gage, and to provide a protective coating. Skill of the installer is another major factor in success. Finally, instrumentation systems shall be carefully selected and calibrated to ensure that they do not unduly degrade the performance of the strain gages.

4.4?Fatigue failure of a strain gage often does not involve visible cracking or fracture of the strain gage, but merely sufficient zero shift to compromise the accuracy of the strain gage output for static strain components.

1.1?This test method covers a uniform procedure for the determination of strain gage fatigue life at ambient temperature. A suggested testing equipment design is included.

1.2?This test method does not apply to force transducers or extensometers that use metallic bonded resistance strain gages as sensing elements.

1.3?Strain gages are part of a complex system that includes structure, adhesive, strain gage, lead wires, instrumentation, and (often) environmental protection. As a result, many things affect the performance of strain gages, including user technique. A further complication is that strain gages, once installed, normally cannot be reinstalled in another location. Therefore, it is not possible to calibrate individual strain gages; performance characteristics are normally presented on a statistical basis.

1.4?This test method encompasses only fully reversed stain cycles.

1.5?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.6?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.