ASTM E1739-95(2015)

4.2.1 Decisions are based on reducing the risk of adverse human or environmental impacts,

4.2.2 Site assessment activities are focussed on collecting only that information that is necessary to making risk-based corrective action decisions,

4.2.3 Limited resources are focussed on those sites that pose the greatest risk to human health and the environment at any time,

4.2.4 The remedial action achieves an acceptable degree of exposure and risk reduction,

4.2.5 Compliance can be evaluated relative to site-specific standards applied at site-specific point(s) of compliance,

4.2.6 Higher quality, and in some cases faster, cleanups than are currently realized, and

4.2.7 A documentation and demonstration that the remedial action is protective of human health, safety, and the environment.

4.5.1 Use of Tier 1 RBSLs as mandated remediation standards rather than screening levels,

4.5.2 Restriction of the RBCA process to Tier 1 evaluation only and not allowing Tier 2 or Tier 3 analyses,

4.5.3 Placing arbitrary time constraints on the corrective action process; for example, requiring that Tiers 1, 2, and 3 be completed within 30-day time periods that do not reflect the actual urgency of and risks posed by the site,

4.5.4 Use of the RBCA process only when active remediation is not technically feasible, rather than a process that is applicable during all phases of corrective action,

4.5.5 Requiring the user to achieve technology-based remedial limits (for example, asymptotic levels) prior to requesting the approval for the RBSL or SSTL,

4.5.6 The use of predictive modelling that is not supported by available data or knowledge of site conditions,

4.5.7 Dictating that corrective action goals can only be achieved through source removal and treatment actions, thereby restricting the use of exposure reduction options, such as engineering and institutional controls,

4.5.8 The use of unjustified or inappropriate exposure factors,

4.5.9 The use of unjustified or inappropriate toxicity parameters,

4.5.10 Neglecting aesthetic and other criteria when determining RBSLs or SSTLs,

4.5.11 Not considering the effects of additivity when screening multiple chemicals,

4.5.12 Not evaluating options for engineering or institutional controls, exposure point(s), compliance point(s), and carcinogenic risk levels before submitting remedial action plans,

4.5.13 Not maintaining engineering or institutional controls, and

4.5.14 Requiring continuing monitoring or remedial action at sites that have achieved the RBSL or SSTL.

1.2.1 Performance of a site assessment;

1.2.2 Classification of the site by the urgency of initial response;

1.2.3 Implementation of an initial response action appropriate for the selected site classification;

1.2.4 Comparison of concentrations of chemical(s) of concern at the site with Tier 1 Risk Based Screening Levels (RBSLs) given in a look-up table;

1.2.5 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted, if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted or if RBSLs may be applied as remediation target levels;

1.2.6 Collection of additional site-specific information as necessary, if further tier evaluation is warranted;

1.2.7 Development of site-specific target levels (SSTLs) and point(s) of compliance (Tier 2 evaluation);

1.2.8 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s) of concern at the site with the Tier 2 evaluation SSTL at the determined point(s) of compliance or source area(s);

1.2.9 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted, if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted, or if Tier 2 SSTLs may be applied as remediation target levels;

1.2.10 Collection of additional site-specific information as necessary, if further tier evaluation is warranted;

1.2.11 Development of SSTL and point(s) of compliance (Tier 3 evaluation);

1.2.12 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s) of concern at the site at the determined point(s) of compliance or source area(s) with the Tier 3 evaluation SSTL; and

1.2.13 Development of a remedial action plan to achieve the SSTL, as applicable.

1.3.1 Section 2 lists referenced documents,

1.3.2 Section 3 defines terminology used in this guide,

1.3.3 Section 4 describes the significance and use of this guide,

1.3.4 Section 5 is a summary of the tiered approach,

1.3.5 Section 6 presents the RBCA procedures in a step-by-step process,

1.3.6 Appendix X1 details physical/chemical and toxicological characteristics of petroleum products,

1.3.7 Appendix X2 discusses the derivation of a Tier 1 RBSL Look-Up Table and provides an example,

1.3.8 Appendix X3 describes the uses of predictive modeling relative to the RBCA process,

1.3.9 Appendix X4 discusses considerations for institutional controls, and

1.3.10 Appendix X5 provides examples of RBCA applications.