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ASTM D7455-19

Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis

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NORMA vydána dne 1.5.2019

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Informace o normě:

Označení normy: ASTM D7455-19
Datum vydání normy: 1.5.2019
Kód zboží: NS-949128
Počet stran: 9
Přibližná hmotnost: 27 g (0.06 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM

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Anotace textu normy ASTM D7455-19 :

Keywords:
acid decomposition, ash, atomic absorption spectrometry, bomb combustion, ED-XRF, ICP-AES, lubricants, microwave heating, petroleum products, SASH, sample preparation, WD-XRF,, ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)

Doplňující informace

Significance and Use

4.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these test methods require little to no sample preparation; some others require only simple dilutions; while others require elaborate sample decomposition before the product is analyzed for its elemental content.

4.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier.

4.3 Uniform practice for sample preparation is beneficial in standardizing the procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.

1. Scope

1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques.

1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.

1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required.

1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations.

1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.

1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

D3246	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Gas by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3348	Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead in Unleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Method)
D5291	Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6732	Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D7171	Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
D7212	Test Method for Low Sulfur in Automotive Fuels by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using a Low-Background Proportional Counter
D7220	Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3230	Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)
D7319	Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D4629	Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection
D4927	Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive Components--Barium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D4951	Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D5056	Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Atomic Absorption
D5059	Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
D2622	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D5384	Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Method)
D6443	Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils and Additives by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathematical Correction Procedure)
D1018	Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
C1234	Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace Element Determinations
D808	Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D1091	Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1318	Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
D3831	Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4047	Test Method for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives by Quinoline Phosphomolybdate Method
D4057	Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177	Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D3701	Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
D7111	Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Middle Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D7260	Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D7303	Test Method for Determination of Metals in Lubricating Greases by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D7318	Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric Titration
D4294	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D7041	Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels, and Oils by Online Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection
D4808	Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
D4929	Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil
D5184	Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D5185	Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D3605	Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
D4628	Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D7040	Test Method for Determination of Low Levels of Phosphorus in ILSAC GF 4 and Similar Grade Engine Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D7751	Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by EDXRF Analysis
D86	Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D129	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D482	Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D874	Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1266	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1548	Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil1
D1552	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D7328	Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample Injection
D7343	Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling, Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D7482	Practice for Sampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons for Mercury Analysis
D7620	Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Liquid Hydrocarbon Based Fuels by Continuous Injection, Air Oxidation and Ultraviolet Fluorescence Detection
D7622	Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with Zeeman Background Correction
D7623	Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion-Gold Amalgamation and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method
D7691	Test Method for Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D7740	Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D4045	Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry
D7876	Practice for Practice for Sample Decomposition Using Microwave Heating (With or Without Prior Ashing) for Atomic Spectroscopic Elemental Determination in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6470	Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (Potentiometric Method)
D6481	Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Zinc in Lubrication Oils by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D6595	Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D6667	Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D6728	Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D7757	Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2784	Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)
D3120	Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3228	Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method
D3231	Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D3237	Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3340	Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating Greases by Flame Photometer
D3341	Test Method for Lead in Gasoline--Iodine Monochloride Method
D6920	Test Method for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates, Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and Motor Fuels by Oxidative Combustion and Electrochemical Detection
D7039	Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D5453	Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5600	Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5622	Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis
D5708	Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D5762	Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence
D5863	Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D6334	Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
D6445	Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

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