ASTM D5870-16

4.1 The property retention index (PRI) determined by this practice is intended primarily to provide relative durability performance information on materials for design engineers. It is up to the user to ensure that appropriate sampling procedures are used for the selection of specimens to be exposed so that the PRI data obtained is actually representative of the material being evaluated.

4.2 The PRI obtained depends on the material being tested, property being evaluated, and exposure condition used. A PRI obtained for one property will probably not be the same as the PRI for a different property of the same material, even if the same exposure test is used.

4.3 Plastics exposed to a combination of environmental and thermal treatments may undergo a change in functional performance. Any laboratory-accelerated aging procedure, especially those that use only a single stress, may not realistically indicate the changes a plastic may undergo in actual use conditions. This practice provides a means for expressing the changes in properties as a function of time exposed in a wide variety of tests. The PRI data obtained is best used for comparing the performance of materials subjected to the same exposure test simultaneously.

4.4 A number of different exposure techniques can be used to provide information on the effects of environmental stresses such as light, heat, and water on plastics (see Practices D1435, D1499, D2565, D4329, D4364, and D4459; Test Method D4674; and ISO 877 and ISO 4892). When it is desirable to evaluate the effects of heat alone, exposures should be conducted in accordance with Practice D3045. When it is desirable to evaluate the effects of chemical exposures, the exposures should be conducted in accordance with Test Method D543.

4.5 There are a number of factors influencing the physical properties and the retention of these properties after exposure. In addition to a complete description of the exposure test conditions used, the following information shall be included in any report referencing this practice: (1) complete description of the material tested, including the type, source, manufacturer's code number, form, and previous history; (2) methods of preparation for the material and individual test specimens; (3) procedure used for specimen conditioning prior to and after exposure; (4) complete description of the environment in which the physical properties were determined (for example, temperature and relative humidity); (5) complete description of the procedure used to determine the physical properties tested, including the rate at which specimens were tested, if applicable; (6) if applicable, void content of the specimens tested and the method used to measure void content.

4.6 When destructive tests are used to determine a physical or chemical change, or both, which occurs as a result of exposure, the amount of change is expressed as a function of the value obtained for the material tested at a specified test environment (for example, temperature and humidity). The exposed and reference specimens are measured at the same time in the specified test environment.

4.7 When nondestructive tests are used to determine a physical or chemical change, or both, which occurs as a result of exposure, the amount of change is expressed as a function of the value obtained on the specimens prior to exposure. Property measurement tests on the specimens before and after exposure shall be conducted at the same conditions (for example, temperature and humidity).

4.8 The property or properties to be measured may be specified in an ASTM, ISO, or other appropriate standard for the material being tested, or by any prior agreement between interested parties. If the method used to measure the property being evaluated is not described in an ASTM, ISO, or other appropriate standard, a description of the test method shall be included in the report of test results.

4.9 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without specifying the method of preparation. To have any meaning in comparative testing, specimens of each material being evaluated by these test procedures should be prepared or molded from the same lot under identical processing conditions and randomized prior to testing at the conditions desired. It must be realized that lot-to-lot variation in the material may cause additional variability in results.

1.1 This practice covers procedures for the calculation of a property retention index (PRI) of thermoplastic and thermoset plastics after exposure to thermal aging, natural or artificial accelerated weathering, or chemical exposures.

1.2 This practice is not intended to establish a fixed procedure for conducting the exposure test, but it is intended to provide a set of specific procedures used to calculate the retention index of a characteristic property of the material after it has been exposed. Selection of the specific exposure test conditions depends on the material being tested and the property being measured. It is up to the user to determine which exposure test conditions are most relevant to the specific material and the service condition being used. The exposure test used must be conducted in accordance with conditions described in specific exposure standards.

1.3 This practice does not describe procedures for sampling the materials to be tested. These procedures are described in the standards and specifications applicable to the material being evaluated.

1.4 The procedure used to calculate the PRI depends on whether the test used to characterize the materials being exposed is destructive or nondestructive. The PRI can be useful in describing short-term mechanical, electrical, and other properties of plastics at specified temperatures after the materials have been subjected to an exposure test.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.