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Standard Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
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NORMA vydána dne 1.1.2018
Označení normy: ASTM D5782-18
Datum vydání normy: 1.1.2018
Kód zboží: NS-809775
Počet stran: 8
Přibližná hmotnost: 24 g (0.05 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM
Keywords:
air-rotary drilling method, drilling, geoenvironmental exploration, groundwater, vadose zone,, ICS Number Code 73.100.30 (Equipment for drilling and mine excavation)
Significance and Use | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
4.1 The application of direct air-rotary drilling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling, coring, in situ or pore-fluid testing, installation of casing for subsequent drilling activities in unconsolidated or consolidated materials, and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Several advantages of using the direct air-rotary drilling method over other methods may include the ability to drill rather rapidly through consolidated materials and, in many instances, not require the introduction of drilling fluids to the borehole. Air-rotary drilling techniques are usually employed to advance drill hole when water-sensitive materials (that is, friable sandstones or collapsible soils) may preclude use of water-based rotary-drilling methods. Some disadvantages to air-rotary drilling may include poor borehole integrity in unconsolidated materials without using casing, and the potential for volitization of contaminants and air-borne dust. Note 3: Direct-air rotary drilling uses pressured air for
circulation of drill cuttings. In some instances, water or foam
additives, or both, may be injected into the air stream to improve
cuttings-lifting capacity and cuttings return. The use of air under
high pressures may cause fracturing of the formation materials or
extreme erosion of the borehole if drilling pressures and
techniques are not carefully maintained and monitored. If borehole
damage becomes apparent, consideration to other drilling method(s)
should be given.
Note 4: The user may install a monitoring device within the
same borehole in which sampling, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or
coring was performed.
4.2 The subsurface water-quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and a low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092). Inasmuch as a piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water-quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality of the installation to include the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas. Note 5: Both water-quality monitoring devices and piezometers
should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals, and
backfills to deter movement of contaminants between hydrologic
units.
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1. Scope | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.1 This guide covers how direct (straight) air-rotary drilling procedures may be used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices. Note 1: The term direct with respect to the air-rotary
drilling method of this guide indicates that compressed air is
injected through a drill-rod column to a rotating bit. The air
cools the bit and transports cuttings to the surface in the annulus
between the drill-rod column and the borehole wall.
Note 2: This guide does not include considerations for
geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a
separate guide.
1.2 Direct air-rotary drilling for geoenvironmental exploration will often involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 All observed and calculated values are to conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objective; and it is common practice to increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method or engineering design. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. |
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2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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