ASTM D524-04

The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.

The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive can increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.

The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuum, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and it is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensity. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. This test method also covers the determination of carbon residue on 10% (V/V) distillation residues (see Section 10). Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482, will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 Note 3).

Note 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed during evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.

Note2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 189, or Test Method D 4530. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X2.1) but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applicable to a wide variety of petroleum products. The Ramsbottom Carbon Residue test method is limited to those samples that are mobile below 90°C.

Note3—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke-forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D 4046.

Note 4—The test procedure in Section 10 is being modified to allow the use of a 100-mL volume automated distillation apparatus. No precision data is available for the procedure at this time, but a round robin is being planned to develop precision data. The 250-mL volume bulb distillation method described in Section 10 for determining carbon residue on a 10 % distillation residue is considered the referee test.

1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.