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NEPLATNÁ ASTM D4535-13e1 1.11.2013 náhled

Doplňující informace

ASTM D4535-13e1

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock Using Dilatometer (Includes all amendments And changes 4/17/2018).

Automaticky přeložený název:

Standardní zkušební metody pro měření tepelné roztažnosti, rock pomocí dilatometru

NORMA vydána dne 1.11.2013

Jazyk
Provedení	PDF - okamžité stažení - 2 005.90 Kč Tištěné - 2 005.90 Kč
Dostupnost	SKLADEM
Cena	2005.90 Kč bez DPH
2 005.90 Kč

Informace o normě:

Označení normy: ASTM D4535-13e1
Poznámka: NEPLATNÁ
Datum vydání normy: 1.11.2013
Kód zboží: NS-27618
Počet stran: 7
Přibližná hmotnost: 21 g (0.05 liber)
Země: Americká technická norma
Kategorie: Technické normy ASTM

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Kategorie - podobné normy:

Zemní práce. Hloubicí práce. Budování základů. Podzemní práce

Anotace textu normy ASTM D4535-13e1 :

Keywords:

rock, thermal expansion/contraction, thermal strain, dilatometer, ICS Number Code 93.020 (Earth works. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works)

Doplňující informace

Significance and Use

5.1 Information concerning the thermal expansion characteristics of rocks is important in the design of any underground excavation where the surrounding rock may be heated. Thermal strain causes thermal stresses which ultimately affect excavation stability. Examples of applications where rock thermal strain is important include: nuclear waste repositories, underground power stations, compressed air energy storage facilities, and geothermal energy facilities.

5.2 The coefficient of thermal expansion, α, of rock is known to vary as the temperature changes. These methods provide continuous thermal strain values as a function of temperature, and therefore provide information on how the coefficient of thermal expansion changes with temperature.

5.3 Rocks are also often anisotropic, thus displaying different thermal strains depending on the orientation of strain measurement. These methods allow for measuring strain in one direction only. If anisotropy is expected, specimens with different orientations should be prepared and tested.

1.1 These test methods cover the laboratory measurement of the one-dimensional linear thermal expansion of rocks using a dilatometer.

1.2 These test methods are applicable between temperatures of 25°C to 300°C. Both bench top and confined measurement techniques are presented. Test Method A is used for unconfined or bench top measurements and Test Method B is used for confined conditions. Rocks of varying moisture content can be tested.

1.3 For satisfactory results in conformance with these test methods, the principles governing the size, construction, and use of the apparatus described in these test methods should be followed. If the results are to be reported as having been obtained by either test method, then the pertinent requirements prescribed by that test method shall be met.

1.4 These test methods do not establish details of construction and procedures to cover all test situations that might offer difficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat flow, temperature measurement, and general testing practices. Standardization of these test methods does not reduce the need for such technical knowledge.

1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.

1.6 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.

1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

E228-22	Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E83-23	Standard Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E122-17(2022)	Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process
D6026-21	Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Records in Geotechnical Data
D3740-23	Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D2216-19	Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D653-22	Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids